Representations of Ageing in the Media

Representations of timeing in the Media senescence, Society and PolicyTake two types of media and critic totallyy escort the dominating representations of later life, noning key points of similitude and difference.Age is an issue of mind over matter, if you dont mind, it doesnt matter (Laham, 2015 para. 19). This quote resonates well when discussing the mass media and its overabundant representations of later life. Particularly, beca subroutine The Mass Media have long been critiqued by researchers for a great deal representing seniors in a banish light. The Mass Media tends to portray the sr. as un sizable, ugly and badly dressed rather than showing ordained portrayals as healthy, originative and attr brisk (Rozanova, 2010214). The impact of the negative stereotyping canister dam get on the self- designs of the fourth-year and disrupt the socialisation of young people with respect to the elderly which contributes to mountism (Miller, Leyell Mazachek, 2004315). The ne ar dominant representations of ripening be repeated across the media over time and so ar the values. Therefore, to identify which argon most dominant we will critically examine the key similarities and differences of maturement within film and magazine advertisements and to what extent these representations of jump oning have classd society. Next, I will be discussing how the media representations add pressure for seniors to age successfully by fighting the ageing process. Lastly, Ill be examining how the media represents the trey and fourth age in films and adverts.(Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 2013107) maintain that Social realities of age and ageing are not primarily based on biological facts but on social constructions of what it means to be and grow middle-aged. Positive ageing encourages those who are healthy and productive known as the young grey who are actively ageing but isolates those who are ill and must deal with the realities of ageing. The negative design of ol d age refers to mountain chains of them being dependent and frail (Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 2013). Through using the Cultivation theory, we can understand how content released by the mass media has the power to shape the minds of society and their opinions of the world regardless of the effects the negative representation of later life has on others (Vickers, 2007). Through defining the most dominant representations of ageing we can determine if age is an essential factor in establishing ones identity and how they are regarded by others (Hatch, 2005). develop has come to occupy much(prenominal) a central lay out within Postmodern culture because on that point Is more age some than ever before, more varied resources to shape its experiences. This suggests that the arrival of pop culture has molded the experiences of how we view later life (Gilleard Higgs, 200010).The most dominant representations of old age fall into three classifications. Firstly sr. age as a homophile Decl ine whereby the old are stereotyped as always suffering from either physical or mental decline (Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 2013). This idea is further demonstrable by identifying the old as having to rely on others and incapable of being in control of their own dies due to physical limitations. Additionally, they are subjected to exploitation by criminals, care homes and are viewed by others as a burden particularly by family members. In other words, this leads to the old being lonely and isolated by family and society. Examples of these representations can be found frequently in the media in the form of an ad or a character in a film (Rozanova, 2010).Age as a humans decline is demonstrated by Lewis, Medvedev, Seponski (2011) via Fashion magazines which tend to be ageist and portray age negatively, especially when discussing physical limitations. For example, In Elle and spellbind magazine the focus of the advertisements is on youthfulness and anti-ageing methods mainly featuring younger models. This representation echoes a culture which favours youthfulness and competent individuals over those ageing naturally by using younger models and encouraging cosmetic surgery to delay the ageing process (ibid). Similarly, Being physically attractive counts much more in a womans life than in a mans, but beauty, identified, as it is for women, with youthfulness, does not stand up well to age (Sontag, 197231). In take on, a mans success is determined by power and authority, a womans is determined by looks, they are expected to adapt to societies requirements of appearing youthful to others to obtain particular roles on the big screen (Lauzen Dozier, 2005). In this case, there are similarities within the representations of older women in Films and Ads as a human decline in regards to beauty.The second classification of old age is Old age as a New ascendent, this is viewed more positively and encourages active behaviour in later life. Old age is viewed as happy and sat isfying. It comes in three forms, the old being independent and the director of their own lives and how fulfilling it becomes. Being able to adapt and keep up with societies changes mentally and physically whilst copying the behaviours of their children and grandchildren, and the tie beam of old age with an eternal sexless love (Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 2013). This is a new way of ageing which is gaind as inspirational and positive, an active way of maintaining ones youth and ageing well (Ylnne, 2015). This representation of old age is prevalent in films with an older cast but can be difficult to identify in magazines which commonly focus on cosmetics as a way of maintaining youth.Vogue magazine are aware of the changes in demographics and try to support the ageing process, particularly because the positive portrayal of old age is usually in ads which promote food and health and rarely in Fashion which society have become known with. Up until 2007 Vogue had never paid attention to the older demographic, until their ageless style issue was released which endorsed old age as a new root system with their sell in lines Ageless style the best pieces at every age How to grow fashionably. This attitude affirms societies aim to look younger and remove any signs of ageing (Twigg, 2010). Similarly, films which try to support old age as a new beginning the message occasionally gets lost. For example, in the painting RED (Retired, exceedingly dangerous), the focus is on a Bruce Willis and his team of ageing retired black ops operatives who are no longer living a fast-paced life. Although the messages support living an active lifestyle and having a zest for life where by retirement shouldnt be the first choice, it suggests that to remain youthful you must imitate the behaviour of the young. The Postmodern living Course supports this way of living where theres a shift from the dark days of ageing to a postmodern time where seniors are urged to dress like their child ren and grandchildren, to live a similar lifestyle and enjoy the benefits of pop culture (Estes, Biggs Phillipson, 2003). However, this is difficult for those who cant due to physical limitations, the focus shouldnt be on the inescapable annoyance of age but what ageing means for one may differ for another (Cox, 2012).Equally, The Intern another film with a mixed message about old age concentrates on Ben, a Retired executive who applies to a senior citizen intern program after retirement has become too boring for him and is drill hole to learn how to use technology. This displays old age as a consumer market whereby the old are independent, competitive and willing to learn (Dhar McKinney, 2015). Moreover, these qualities suggest that not all people distinguish themselves as old and dont expect anyone else to either, they enjoy being identified alongside the young and be integrated. This is seen in Films such as contact the Fockers with Barbara Streisands who plays a sex therap ist who teaches sex exercises to senior couples, this is a positive reinforcement of old age as a new beginning because it removes the dominant stereotype that senior partnerships are sexless (Gatling, 2013). Therefore, it can be said that we are living in a third age demonstrated by self-realization and consumption of the elderly (Twigg, 2010).The Third age concept captures an economic and demographic shift describing the emergence of a cohort of relatively healthy and financially secure older people who were entering the age of personal achievement and fulfilment (Laslett, 1987135). This concept has crawled into the advertizement industry and suggests a period of liberation from old age whereby older people are used for the promotion of products and endorsements (Marshall Rahman, 2014). Old age is understood to be a consumer market with competitive seniors in the advertising industry. This representation of the third age is comparable with old age as a new beginning hence a domi nant representation of old age. Publications such as Yours and Saga magazine, endeavour to remove the negative stereotype of age and encourage a more active lifestyle via educational and inspirational advertisements endorsing a healthier and vigorous standard of living (Ylnne, 2015). An example which further illustrates this dominant representation of old age as a means of self-realisation is the movie The Best Marigold Hotel. The story engages with a group of retired seniors who travel for a holiday to India and embark on a journey where later life isnt a single out but a chance of fulfilment, financially or romantically. The film suppresses the fear of ageing for seniors and the youth and acts as a guide for enjoying old age (Cox, 2012).The concept of the Fourth Age unlike the Third age, focuses on the fear of ageing. The Fourth age embodies all the fears of old age it brings fragility, helplessness and loss of autonomy. Especially because not being in control of your own ageing process can be daunting compared to the third age which promotes successful ageing as a personal choice. Instead the fourth age describes the disabled as them and questions if this illustrates the real process of ageing (Kafkov, 201623). This description of old the ageing process comes under the third classification of Old age as Superiority where the elderly are an inconvenience and later life is an ageing horror (Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 2013). However, advertisements promote health issues in a positive light using the third age concept Leisure-oriented exercise benefits older people, reducing both their morbidity and mortality (Gilleard Higgs, 200080). Rather than impart fear in the minds of consumers, advertisers use seniors to sell health products and encourage older people to live an active lifestyle to age well and by use of autonomy they can postpone the fourth age (Ylnne, Williams Wadleigh, 2009). On the other hand, health in films are a dominant representation of old ag e as a human decline and horror. Old age is presented by considering the fourth age in relation to dementia Ageing and disability are commonly assumed to go hand in hand (Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 201357). This can be seen in the Simpsons film where Grandpa Simpson has trouble remembering the names of family members and confuses items such as the phone for an iron. These representations of Alzheimers and Dementia are usually inaccurate and fail to bring awareness to the issue. Although the representation may be comical, for children watching it leads them to identify the old as a nuisance and helpless (Alexander, 2015). In other words, the representation of health concerns as an ageing issue in a magazine ad is not as negative as it is a film and doesnt have the same influence on the youth as films do.The major premise of polish theory is that the more time individuals spend consuming media e.g. watching TV, the closer their views are to the world created by media. In other words, r epeated and extensive ikon to media images influences viewers perceptions of social reality in the direction of the world constructed by media (Zhang, 2006265). This suggests the stereotypical images the youth have of the elderly is as a result of the media. They are represented as dependent, grumpy and disabled which cause the young to behave in a disrespectful way and shapes the interactions they have with older people (Magoffin, 2007). Film more than advertisements plays a big part in constructing the views of the youth even if the representation doesnt accurately reflect society. The dominant representations include grumpy old characters who wane to adjust to the changes of modern society and believe the youth are impolite. For instance, the film UP features Carl a cranky, hard of hearing and frail old man who by chance injures a construction worker over damage to his mailbox. Carl is deemed a public nuisance, and the court orders him to be admitted to a nursing home, to get him out of the way, exhibiting age as a human decline. This is supported by children who restrain the old within two categories Evil powerful and Benign but helpless which is where Carl is placed (Gatling, 2013). This aligns the image which the youth maintain of the old and influences communication ensuing a self-fulfilling prophecy. The old internalise those stereotypes and interactions causing low self-esteem and a need to slow the ageing process (Kriebernegg Maierhofer, 2013).Magazine advertisements publicise anti-ageing representations of old age more so then Films and particularly for women Anti-ageing attempts to slow, stop or reverse, rejuvenate the ageing process (Ylnne, Williams Wadleigh, 200956). Magazines promote anti-ageing practices including cosmetic surgery, anti-ageing creams and hair dyes as solutions to the ageing process through concealing indicators of old age which is deemed unattractive. This process is not limited to the elderly, it is also used by those in their 20s and 30s who begin the staying young process at a young age (Gilleard Higgs, 2000). Using the example of an Olay magazine ad featuring model Twiggy promoting a beauty product, it was reported by consumers as misleading and extremely airbrushed with a slogan captioned Because younger looking eyes never go out of fashion. Although a mature model was used the promotion is selling how to achieve younger looking skin which not only gives false promises but has a negative outcome for those who endeavour to age naturally (Sweney, 2009). Ultimately, we can see how anti-ageing practices shapes the ageing process for older people where they view ageing as a human decline. Disney films create negative stereotypes which impact how kids perceive older adults and fear the ageing process. Using toothless characters and portraying them as evil for example, the old woman who tempts play false white to eat the poisonous apple (Robinson et al 2007 Gatling 2013). Children internalise the m ost widespread representations of old age when young which are usually negative in films and hang on to them which creates a fear of ageing.Although the mass media continues to be a popular discourse which shapes the representations of old age in society advertising does not have the power to alter or shape social values, but merely reflects the values of its target audiences, the same can be said for films (Miller, Leyell Mazachek, 2004316). The most dominant representations of ageing are Old age as a Human Decline and Old Age as a New Beginning which are shaped by the stereotypes society created. Although the representations in magazine ads and films have relevant similarities and differences individually they contribute to the interactions amongst the old and young. Despite this, can we suggest there been a trend from less negative to more positive portrayals consistent with a shift toward more favourable attitudes toward the elderly and the increasing size of the elderly popula tion? (Miller, Leyell Mazachek, 2004316). This suggests representations relating to old age are limited. Then again, should we educate society particularly children that opposing depictions of strength and agility on one hand, and frailty and unfeelingness on the other stimulate the viewer to ponder that we all live somewhere along the weak/strong continuum. Some older people may be weaker than younger people, some may not (Gatling, 201377).BibliographyAlexander, S. (2015). Were tired of these stereotypes of older people in the media online. Available from http//www.telegraph.co.uk/goodlife/living/were-tired-of-these-stereotypes-of-older-people-in-the-media/ Accessed 15 Jan. 2017Cox, D. (2012). Why do films do such a bad job of portraying old people? online. Available from https//www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2012/feb/28/films-bad-job-portraying-old-people Accessed 15 Jan. 2017.Dhar, A. and McKinney, S. (2015). 3 Ways The Intern Gets sometime(a) Workers Wrong online. Availabl e from http//www.nextavenue.org/3-ways-the-intern-gets-older-workers-wrong/ Accessed 15 Jan. 2017.Estes, CL. Biggs, S. Phillipson, C. (2003). Social theory, social policy and ageing. Open University Press Maidenhead.Gatling, M. C. (2013) Representations of age and ageing in comedy film. PhD thesis, James Cook UniversityGilleard, C. and Higgs, P. (2000). Cultures Of Ageing Self, Citizen And The Body, Harlow Prentice Hall.Hatch, L.R. (2005). Gender and Ageism, Generations, 29 (3), p.19-24.Kafkov, M.P. (2016). The Real Old Age and the Transition between the Third and Fourth Age, Sociologia, 48 (6), p.622-640Kriebernegg, U. and Maierhofer, R. (2013). The Ages Of Life. Electronic Resource Living And Aging In deviation?, Bielefeld Transcript, Aston University Library Catalogue, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 January 2017Laham, TS. M. (2015). This Is Really When Old Age Begins online. Available from http//www.huffingtonpost.com/martha-ts-laham-/when-old-age-begins_b_8099004.html Accessed 14 Jan . 2017. para. 19Laslett, P. (1987). The Emergence of the Third Age, Ageing and Society, 7 (2) p.135.Lauzen, M.M. Dozier, D.M. (2005). Maintaining the double standard Portrayals of age and gender in popular films, Sex Roles, 52, p.437-446.Lewis, C.D. Medvedev, K. and Seponski, M.D. (2011). Awakening to the desires of older women Deconstructing ageism within fashion magazines, Journal of Aging Studies, 25 (2), p101-109.Magoffin, D. L. (2007). Stereotyped Seniors The Portrayal of elder Characters in Teen Movies from 1980-2006, All Theses and Dissertations. 977.Marshall, B.L. Rahman, M. (2014). Celebrity, ageing and the construction of third age identities, external Journal of Cultural Studies ,18 (6), p. 577 593Miller, D.W. Leyell, T.S. and Mazachek, J. (2004). Stereotypes of the elderly in U.S. television commercials from the 1950s to the 1990s, The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 58 (4), p.315-340.Robinson, T. Callister, M. Magoffin, D. Moore, J. (2007). The portrayal of older characters in Disney animated films, Journal of Aging Studies 21 (3) p.203-213Rozanova, J. (2010). Discourse of successful aging in The Globe Mail Insights from critical gerontology, Journal of Aging Studies, 24. p213-222.Sontag, S. (1972). The Double Standard of Aging. Saturday Review of the Society, 23, p.31.Sweney, M (2009). Twiggys Olay ad banned over airbrushing online https//www.theguardian.com/media/2009/dec/16/twiggys-olay-ad-banned-airbrushing Accessed 15 Jan, 2017.Twigg, J. (2010). How Does Vogue Negotiate Age? Fashion, the Body, and the Older Woman, Fashion Theory, 14 (4), p.471-490.Vickers, K. (2007). Aging and the Media Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 5 (3), p.100-105.Ylnne, V. (2015). Representations of ageing in the media in Twigg, Julia and Martin, Wendy enchiridion of Cultural Gerontology London Routledge, p.369-376.Ylnne, V. Williams, A. and Wadleigh, P. M. (2009). Ageing well? Older peoples health and w ell-being as portrayed in UK magazine advertisements, International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 4 (2), p.33-62.Zhang, Y.B. Harwood, J. Williams, A. Ylnne-McEwen, V. Wadleigh, P.M. Thimm, C (2006). The Portrayal of Older Adults in Advertising, Journal of Language and Social Psychology 25 (3), p.265

Marbury vs Madison Case Summary

Marbury vs Madison Case SummaryBrandon HuffThis casing took place on February twenty fourth, 1803. It was the first case in which an act of Congress was declared unconstitutional. That being said it was the first time, and the means by which judicial review was used. As the case name suggests the contrariety was between James Madison and William Marbury.It took place a couple of weeks before president Thomas Jefferson took office in 1801. Because of the Judiciary displace of 1801, and the Organic Act there was a multitude of courtship places open. President John Adams tried to fill as many as he could with Federalist party members as to guard Jeffersons Democratic-Republican party. He wanted to make it hard for him to pass anything while he was in office.But since William Marbury was one of the last ones to expect an appointment, the so called midnight appointments, he did not receive their delegating. This happened because Jefferson took office and instructed his secretary of state James Madison to withhold the remaining commissions. When Marbury found out he wrote a writ of mandamus to the exacting Court. He did this in the hope Madison would act and hand out the rest of the commissions.Marbury and his lawyer, former attorney general Charles Lee, went before the courts and stated that the signing and shut of the commission completed the transaction and that delivering them was only formal. in time though Jefferson was very(prenominal) upset stating that he could not serve without the document. Despite this plea, however, the court agreed to picture their case Marbury vs Madison in February of 1803.This case was underway, but was quickly resolved. After hearing the case most people from both the Republicans and the Federalists agreed that it was a very insignificant case. By the time the case took place the people were agreeing the Jeffersons decision to reduce the amount of justices of the peace, and the Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed. Also, Ma rburys term was already half all over with by the time the case made it to the courts. In other words it seemed that there was no way Marbury would win this case.However, Marshall, the chief justice saw the trouble facing him and came up with a brilliant solution. The solution he found the named a tour de force, and is still used today. He managed to establish all military group to the court s the final arbiter of the Constitution. By doing this, he could effectively chastise the Jefferson administration for not following the law, while also protecting the courts billet on the matter. He reduced the case to three basic problems and questions. First, did Marbury have the right to the commission? Second, if he did, and his right had been violated, did the law provide him with a cure? Third, if it did, would the proper remedy be a writ of mandamus to the Supreme Court? With these three questions Marshall effectively broke down the case to its simplest form.The top of the first tw o had the desired effect. He explained that by failing to deliver the commission the Marbury, the secretary failed in his duties and violated the law. Having established that Marbury was entitled to receive the commission he turned to the next question. Marbury had a right to the commission, and therefore by not receiving it was denied right. Because of this violation he could have argued that a writ of mandamus would be the right course of action, since the Judiciary Act of 1789 was still in effect, therefore he declared the the court had no jurisdiction to issue such a thing. He continued that it was inconsistent with Article 3 of the Constitution. With this statement, he surrendered the power derived from the 1798 statute which would have given Jefferson a technical victory in the case. By pointing this out he gained a very important power, judicial review.Through his masterful ideas and use the the Constitution through the law Marshall won the case. Even though Marbury only serv ed half his term it had a much greater impact throughout history. We use judicial review to this day and it has been the cornerstone for a lot of cases since this one. Even though this decision has been very controversial it is a part of our organization and we are used to it by now. It also fits well with our system of checks and balances run by the government.Through this very small incident in history it impacted the whole country. This case revolutionized our way of thinking in the courts. The courts have more power in this process and have been able to hear and change the outcome of many cases. This has helped shape our country into hat it is today and although it was been contact in controversy it is an undeniable fact of our life.

Joseph Conrad: An Innovator in British Literature Essay -- Conrad

Joseph Conrad An Innovator in British books Joseph Conrads innovative literature is influenced by his experiences in traveling to foreign countries around the world. Conrads literature consists of the various styles of techniques he uses to display his well-recognized work as British literature. His prose style, varying from eloquently sensuous to bare and astringent, keeps the reader in constant satisfy with a mature, truth-seeking, creative mind (Hutchinson 1). Conrads novels are basically based on having both a psychological and sociological plot within them. This is why Conrads work carries its own uniqueness from other novels when being compared to his. Examples of Conrads literature include novels such as means of Darkness, Lord Jim, and The Secret Agent. Heart of Darkness is basically based on his own experiences, but Conrad also adds fiction into this particular novel (Dintenfass 1). It has been said that Conrads style of writing is exposit as ...life as we actually live it...is to be blurred and messy and confusing-- and the abstract ideas...of actual experiences can sometimes produce in us, or in that part of us, anyway, which tries to understand the world in some rational way. Acquiring this from the novel gives the reader a psychological perspective in that they are receiving feedback in a conscious way such as a hallucination or a phantasm (Dintenfass 2). Readers have curiously questioned the purpose of his novels such as Heart of Darkness, but the answer is quite simple. The purpose is to get the reader to re-live any experience in some significant and concrete way, with all its complexity and messiness, all its tail and ambiguity, intact (Dintenfass 3). An addi... ...n, eds. Twentieth Century Literary Criticism. Vol. 1 Detroit Hale Research Co., 1978. Dintenfass, Mark. Heart of Darkness A Lawrence University Freshman Studies Lecture. 14 Mar. 1996. *http//www.acsu.buffalo.edu/csicseri/dintenfass.htm* (2 Feb. 2000). Draper, James P., ed. World Literature Criticism 1500 to the Present. Vol. 2 Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1992. Hamblin, Stephen. Joseph Conrads The Secret Agent. *http//www.ductape.net/steveh/secretagent/* (2 Feb. 2000). The Hutchinson Encyclopedia. 1999. 2 Feb. 1999. *http//ukdb.web.aol.com/hutchinson/encyclopedia/72/M0013572.htm Magill, Frank N., ed. 1,300 Critical Evaluations of Selected Novels and Plays. Vol. 2 Englewood Cliffs Salem Press Inc., 1976. Stein, Rita, and Martin Tucker, eds. Modern British Literature. Vol. 4 New York Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1975.

September Eleventh Essays -- Art Tragedy Terrorism Terrorists Papers

September EleventhI see the three bodies in his painting as nation falling from the 110th floor of the South Tower. I see the broken debris and splintered wood as pieces of steel and glass collapsing to the ground, taking firefighters and innocent pack with it.By Jennifer KareyIn 1986, John Boak created a painting that depicts the horrible event that took place in Cripple Creek, Colorado in the early morning hours of June 5, 1904. An ebullition destroyed the Independence train depot in a matter of seconds, killing thirteen men and injuring twenty others. In Boaks work, that horrific moment is captured as if looking up at the patchy night sky as the debris and people seem to fall down to earth. While Boaks intention whitethorn have been to portray this event accurately and capture it in time, this intended message is lost in the aftermath of September eleventh. The image no continuing represents the image of a small townsfolk explosion almost a millennium ago, but rather rekindle s recent memories of the events that shook the country only one(a) month ago. While 2001 has proven to be a year of fear, anger, uncertainty and terrible destruction, the years between 1893 and 1904 were equally chaotic for the small mining town of Cripple Creek, Colorado. Tensions began to grow between mining companies and workers over their long hours and low wages. In response, John Calderwood, a former coal miner, established the Western fusion of Miners (WFM) in 1894. Calderwood and five hundred men formed a union in February of that same year. Their demands were simple three dollars pay for an eight-hour day. The conflict went on with neither side willing to compromise. Non-union workers and union workers competed for jobs as companies refused t... ...p//www.boakart.comBoak, John. Re Harry Orchard blows up the Independence Colorado Train Depot. Email to Jennifer Karey. 14 Oct. 2001.Jameson, Elizabeth. All That Glitters. wampum University of Illinois Press, 1998.Jenkins, Sa lly. Manhattan Cleaning Up the Day After Attacks. The Washington Post (2001). 12 September 2001 < http//www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/articles/A18284-2001Sep12.html Langdon, Emma F., The Cripple Creek Strike A History of Industrial Wars in Colorado. New York Arno Press, 1969.Powell, Michael. New York A City Turned Upside Down. The Washington Post (2001). 12 September 2001 < http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14164-2001Sep11.htmlSedivy, David. Mr. Sedivys Highlands Ranch History. 11 October 2001. Highlands Ranch High School. 12 October 2001 < http//mr_sedivy.tripod.com/co_hist.html

Gawain Has Enough :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essays

Gawain Has EnoughIt was a bright and beautiful morn, the perfect weather for embar fagot on a hunting trip. The imperial King Arthur, noteworthy leader of the Knights of the Round Table, could not bank his luck. As he was carried across a grassy knoll (by some beggars hed chanced to acquire a coherent the way) he contemplated the unbridled feelings of joy brought to him by his loyal knights. When Arthur happened to spot a pot-bellied pig out of the corner of his kingly eye, he speedily reined in the beggars and gracefully dismounted. Following a brief target practice involving the taller beggar and an overripe peach, the king successfully smote the baby boar.Aha, I do believe Ive smote the beast, the king announced with pride. Do thou not agree my fine beggars?We think thou hast it right, sire twas most brave and gallant of you, the beggars replied in unison (as they were beggars of the Siamese kind). Most suddenly, the kindly conversation between the king and his beggars was ru dely interrupted by a piercing scream. A abject green man, wearing a tall hat and carrying a large sum of gold in a black fire-pot began to kick Arthur in the shins. comprehend a fine opportunity for a quick escape from the King, the beggars fled in laughter. What have I done to deserve such fierce and foulle behavior? the king asked. Youve smote mine pot-bellied pig, the little green man replied. Tis a lucky pig that can ner be replaced. Know you not that I am the most illustrious and royal King Arthur? The angry little green man introduced himself as Todd and told the king that he did not care how illustrious or royal he was. Todd was most determined to have vengeance for the slaying of his lucky pig. After much lengthy discussion, and Todds refusal to accept the beggars (now long gone) as consolation for the slain little beast, King Arthur was in a most precarious position. Todd was getting ready to unleash a second down in the mouth kick to Arthurs shins when he came upon an idea. Know thee not a Sir Gawain? Todd asked. Yes, said the king, he is one of my most loyal knights. To preserve thine kingly life, I smart set thee to bring me Sir Gawain. But why? asked the king. Gawain must replace mine lucky pig, Todd replied. Bring him at once with a snout on his face and a most curly tail on his brave behind.

Homer :: essays research papers

In Homers epic, The Odyssey, women play an integral role in the life of Odysseus, the storys protagonist. Odysseus is forced to leave the solace of Ithaca because of a woman, Helen, and he longs to effect to his home largely for a woman, his wife Penelope. Throughout his journey, however, it is Circe who has a heavy influence on Odysseus because she is a major embarrassment and thus an obstacle for the renowned hero. Indeed, Circes comeliness coupled with her sorcery, and her kindness along with lavish hospitality all distract Odysseus and impede him from swiftly reversive home. With her another(prenominal)worldly beauty and enchantments, Circe is a distraction for Odysseus and therefore an obstacle on his road to Ithaca. With her sensuality and magic potions, Circe is able to get that which she desires from men. After Odysseus, guided and forewarned by Hermes, drinks Circes potion and is not bewitched, Circe is amazed for no other man has ever resisted her magic (X, 348-350). Although Circe is probably used to fulfilling her sexual desires with men she has enchanted, she nevertheless tries to go to get along with Odysseus. She tells him, Climb into my bed and tangle in love there, so we may come to trust each other (X, 356-357). Odysseus tries to resist the charming goddess and tells her that she must betoken no more trouble for him, but as soon as she does that which he asks he climbs into Circes beautiful bed (X, 366-369). After ten age of fighting, Odyssey has grown quite lonely. He has been away from Penelope, his wife and the only other woman who most likely fulfilled his needs and desires, and Circe is putting forth truly tempting offers. Although her potion did not have an effect on him, Circes physical beauty definitely appealed to Odysseus otherwise, he would have cunningly found something to do other than engaging in an intimate act with Circe. The goddess-nymph has many a trick up her sleeve, and she could have also found another way to ge t Odysseus to go to bed with her. She had no need to do such a thing because Odysseus was in a vulnerable state. Months at sea and at war bunghole be quite trying on anyone, so Odysseus was susceptible to falling for someone--especially someone as seductive as Circe. With physical beauty and magical powers, Circe distracts Odysseus and hampers his return to Ithaca.

Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome Essay -- Domestic Vi

Moral Implications of the buffet cleaning charr SyndromeThe Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle supposition of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by interior(prenominal) help violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence of the strike situation. In this paper, I explore around of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused cleaning woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discuss the feature moral issue of subjectiveness or moral personhood involved in instances wherein a woman victimized by domestic violence responds by killing her batterer. Finally, I argue that the Battered Woman Syndrome and similar alternatives to or qualifications of self-defence are problematic because they strip a woman of her moral subjectivity. I conclude with a brief occasion of a proposal for m annul of the criminal thoic e system specifically aimed at cases wherein thither has been a long history of abuse or violence. This reform is unique because it does non rely on a separate standard of reasonableness particular to battered women, but arises out of consideration of the moral implications of ratified proceedings involving domestic violence. IntroductionThe case of battered women who kill raises some interesting questions regarding the criminal justice systems ability to respond to domestic violence. The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the battered woman, why she does not just leave the relationship, and why some domestic violence relationships end in the death of the batterer. However, it may also contribute to the violence of domestic viol... ...77), pp. 113-118.(10) listen Charles Ewing, esp. Chapter 4.(11) Walker, p. 143.(12) See Cynthia Gillespie, Justifiable Homicide (Columbus, OH Ohio State University Press, 1989).(13) This applies to cases where immediate threat of danger is not present. For instance, if a woman kills her batterer while he is asleep then there is said to be no immediate threat of lethal harm. If, however, the batterer is killed in the battering incident, then immediate threat of lethal harm is present and the standard understanding of self-defense should apply. However, there are numerous cases of the latter and the woman was even so found guilty of some form of murder or manslaughter. See Ewing, Chapter 4.(14) Ewing, p. 79.(15) Ann Jones, A belittled Knowledge in Take Back the Night edit by Laura Lederer (New York William Morrow and Co., 1980), p. 182-183. Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome Essay -- Domestic ViMoral Implications of the Battered Woman SyndromeThe Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the person victimized by domestic violence. However, it may also contribute to the violence o f the battering situation. In this paper, I explore some of the implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome for domestic violence cases wherein an abused woman kills her abuser. I begin by delineating some of the circumstances of a domestic violence situation. I then discuss the particular moral issue of subjectivity or moral personhood involved in instances wherein a woman victimized by domestic violence responds by killing her batterer. Finally, I argue that the Battered Woman Syndrome and similar alternatives to or qualifications of self-defense are problematic because they strip a woman of her moral subjectivity. I conclude with a brief articulation of a proposal for reform of the criminal justice system specifically aimed at cases wherein there has been a long history of abuse or violence. This reform is unique because it does not rely on a separate standard of reasonableness particular to battered women, but arises out of consideration of the moral implications of legal procee dings involving domestic violence. IntroductionThe case of battered women who kill raises some interesting questions regarding the criminal justice systems ability to respond to domestic violence. The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the battered woman, why she does not just leave the relationship, and why some domestic violence relationships end in the death of the batterer. However, it may also contribute to the violence of domestic viol... ...77), pp. 113-118.(10) See Charles Ewing, esp. Chapter 4.(11) Walker, p. 143.(12) See Cynthia Gillespie, Justifiable Homicide (Columbus, OH Ohio State University Press, 1989).(13) This applies to cases where immediate threat of danger is not present. For instance, if a woman kills her batterer while he is asleep then there is said to be no immediate threat of lethal harm. If, however, the batterer is killed in the battering incident, then immediate threat of lethal harm is prese nt and the standard understanding of self-defense should apply. However, there are numerous cases of the latter and the woman was nonetheless found guilty of some form of murder or manslaughter. See Ewing, Chapter 4.(14) Ewing, p. 79.(15) Ann Jones, A Little Knowledge in Take Back the Night edited by Laura Lederer (New York William Morrow and Co., 1980), p. 182-183.