Advantages of Buying Term Papers Online

Advantages of Buying Term Papers OnlineHave you ever thought about buying term papers online? It is an important step to think about since there are many advantages of doing so.Buy term papers online is a great way to reduce your financial burden while reducing the time to study. That is why online offers are so popular these days. You can get all the term papers you need in just a few minutes. What more, you will have an opportunity to study at home and never be worried about any emergency or delays in a fast-paced modern world.There are some disadvantages with buying term papers online. Before deciding to do so, you should do some research and know your strengths and weaknesses.One disadvantage of buying term papers online is that you will pay for each term paper that you purchase. As a result, you will spend more in one month than what you would spend if you decide to buy the papers from a bookstore. The price that you pay for the books will not change if you decide to buy online. However, the price for the term papers can be lowered depending on the company.The other disadvantage of buying term papers online is that you will have to download the papers. If you own a computer, you can simply use your internet browser to download the papers. You can check out four different ways that you can download the papers.One disadvantage of buying term papers online is that it will cost more money. However, if you have to buy several papers, the cost will be less if you do it online. There are many companies that offer very low rates to those who buy several papers, but you have to make sure that you will receive your papers promptly and in good condition.Online term papers can be found in two types. The first type is the online firm, where you buy the papers from an online company. These companies usually offer less fees than what you will pay if you get the papers directly from the publisher.

Review of Articles on Childrens Developmental Theories

Attachment Articles Review We learn not just through being taught explicitly, but also through our growing trust in relationships that allow us to mimic and internalize certain behavior types. Childrens developmental theories explain how attachment is a major part of psychosocial development. Duhn (2010) explains how touch can help augment creation of more positive attachment models like secure attachment, while Brown, Manglesdorf, and Neff (2012) show important fatherly attention is in generating secure attachment as well. The first article is Duhns (2010) examination of the importance of the human touch in caring for children as they go through the cognitive development journey. Duhn (2010) first explores how discussions of the concept of how touch plays into facilitating cognitive development in children has been relatively lacking in regards to the larger psychological discourse. Other than the Attachment Theory presented by John Bowlby, there are relatively few discussions of how touch and physical interaction influences more positively cognitive growth and development in children. In lieu of these gaps, Duhn (2010) presents a framework that reviews the concept of attachment and how touch can impact attachment styles in order to augment the existing literature and increase the role of touch within the image of development. Duhns (2010) thesis is that touch has much more of an impact than once thought by researchers. In line with Bowlbys earlier theory, touchÃÆ' ©Show MoreRelatedEffects of Poverty on Children: Literature Review Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pages This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational outcomes, health, and parenting effects, and how they were impacted by children living in povertyRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 Pagesof Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational outcomes, health, and parenting effects, and howRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 Pagesof Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational outcomes, health, and parenting effects, and howRead MoreDevelopment Of New Qris Systems1502 Words   |  7 Pagesmore extensive literature was found for state QRIS systems. In addition to empirical articles on the topic, multiple reviews have been conducted examining the validation of QRIS in an effort to inform the development of new QRIS systems being implemented in other states (Karoly, 2014). Given our focus on relating QRIS to other measures of quality and children’s outcomes, our final sample included 16 articles. The following will present the results of those studi es as they relate to three key questionsRead MoreEssay On Autism727 Words   |  3 Pagesreference range used for the search was restricted to published articles from 2012-2017 and the use of selective keywords, such as: autism, pet therapy, animal-assisted, disability, children, and benefits of pet therapy. The abstracts of many scholarly journals were analyzed to determine if the criteria of the research question was met. As a result of the conducted research, 1 systematic review and 5 primary sources were chosen for the review of literature. Primary Sources Ward et al. (2013) conductedRead MoreHealth And Treatment Of Pediatric Patients1502 Words   |  7 Pagesprove these points this review will look at five studies that cover various topics of atraumatic care. Atraumatic care should be the basis of treatment for pediatric patients. It is described by Huff as follows: â€Å"Atraumatic care is the provision of therapeutic care utilized in healthcare settings that eliminates or minimizes the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and families† (Huff, pp. 65). The points that will be discussed in depth in this review are; the use of EutecticRead MoreLanguage And Cognitive Development Based On A Longitudinal Study1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe following is a review of the article â€Å"New Evidence About Language and Cognitive Development Based on a Longitudinal Study: Hypotheses for Intervention† (Goldin-Meadow et al., 2014). The article discusses the research that was done on language learning in toddlers. I will summarize the purpose of the research, the methods used, and an interpretation of the findings. I will then discuss the findings in relation to developmental theories as discussed by Berger (2014). I will conclude with a reflectionRead Moreexample of a critical review 1134 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿PL4S111 Example: Critical Review of a Journal Article Article: Carroll, J. (2002). Play Therapy: the children’s views, Child and Family Social Work, 7, pg 177-187 This article is recent, published within a peer-reviewed journal. The author-conducted research is empirical, qualitative and phenomenologically designed, uniquely enabling children to describe their play therapy experiences and identify factors that influence these experiences. The article’s title clarifies the project’s purpose of elicitingRead MoreGender Differences On Negative Emotions During The Childhood And Adolescence Stages Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesstrong and calm, showing anger if necessary† (Chaplin Aldao, 2013). Before this study, there were only empirical reviews of happiness expression. There has been no empirical review of gender differences on negative emotions during the childhood and adolescence stages. â€Å"Learning is a key feature of healthy social emotional development† (Chaplin Aldao, 2013). As stated in the article, an infant communicates through a series of emotions when it needs something, like when the child is hungry or whenRead MorePoverty Influences Children s Early Brain Development1521 Words   |  7 Pages Poverty Influences Children’s Early Brain Development Children have been the topic of many research studies and debates throughout history. Scientists, educators, social workers and teachers have debated the importance of nature and nurture in children s development. Our ideas of children are shaped greatly by the portrayal of children through media. Producers, journalists, and writers have the power to either portray children as passive or active agents in their development of social, academic

Being a Single Mom Essay - 947 Words

One thing in my life that I had to dive into doing was being a single parent. I no longer had just myself to worry about and to take care of; I was going to have another person to be responsible for. I had a mixture of feelings when I found out I was pregnant. I did not know if his dad was going to be around or not to help me. I was worried, nervous, scared and excited all at the same time. I was not working at the time, so I had very little money and his father only paid child support when he decided to, or when the courts forced him to pay. It is a very scary feeling to be on your own with a little guy who depended on me for his every need. His dad comes and goes in and out of his life whenever he feels the need to without any†¦show more content†¦After what seemed like an eternity they finally came, we hopped into the ambulance and sped off to the ER. They stripped him down to nothing but his diaper and helped cool him off with a wet washcloth until we arrived at the hospital. After waiting for what seemed like forever, the doctor came to check him and diagnosed that the reason he had this seizure was because in just a short time he went from being a normal kid to having a such a high temperature that his body reacted in quite a frightening and scary way. They gave him a shot of Motrin and we waited until his fever started to come down. There have been other times that have been challenging in being a single parent, but we have gotten through them with the help of friends and family. As he got older he was diagnosed as having Asperger’s Syndrome, a form of Autism, which is a developmental disorder that affects a childs ability to socialize and communicate effectively with others. He struggles in school with his homework and relating to other people. With this disorder he gets stressed out very easily. When he is feeling overwhelmed he tends to shut down or give up. He was given an IEP, an Individualized Education Program, which helps kids reach educational goals easier than they otherwise would. It gives him leeway when it comes to certain things like homework and tests. They limit the amount homework he hasShow MoreRelatedGrowing Up With a Single Mother703 Words   |  3 Pages it was always just my mom and I. I never met my â€Å"dad†, not even from day one. I never was able to get to know him, or see him, but I did have a mom. I faced the odds of becoming the stereotypical kid with a single parent that went down the wrong path, but I never did. Life caused me to have a single mother that has made me the strong person that I am today. Watching my mother live from pay check to pay check when I was young was difficult. It was always hard for my mom to keep up with other parentsRead MoreSingle Parenting Stigma1700 Words   |  7 PagesSingle-Parenting Families: Attached Stigmas The social deviance that interests me is single parenting, one who chose to have a child out of wed-lock. The stigma attached to being a single parent is rising anew. Many media commentators blame Americas uptrend in violence and other social problems on family breakdown - on single parents. This stigma is based on myths and stereotypes that have been promoted by half-truths and, often, by prejudiced viewpoints. Many in our society still regard singleRead MoreGrowing Up In A Single-Parent Family664 Words   |  3 PagesGrowing Up In A Single-Parent Family With the divorce rate as high as it is, more and more children are growing up in single-parent families. Ideally, it is better for children to live with their mom and dad happily married; however, children who grow up in single-parent households can still be well- adjusted children, teenagers, and adults. Although there are always exceptions to every rule, for the most part, children who grow up in single-parent working householdsRead MoreChildren And Adolescents From Single Parent Families Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages Application: Children and Adolescents from Single Parent Families â€Å"Being a Single parent is not a life full of struggles, but a journey for the strong.† – Meg Lowery Throughout this course of School-Age and Adolescents in a Multicultural Society, we have touched on all the topics that affect their development. It is not secret that children and Adolescents are faced with such as race, diversity, gender identity, religion most of all diverse family structures. In our ever evolving world we now haveRead MoreThe Role Of Parents Are Becoming A Common Picture1732 Words   |  7 Pagesout the womb, is a mom. This mom would then have a spouse which would help parent that child through adolescence and beyond. Parents’ are given the job of raising their son or daughter so that they can live on their own and make choices by themselves. Parents in today’s society aren’t the typical household piece you tend to see in movies and read in books. Before, it was always a mom and dad who were female and male. Today, a child doesn’t always have that, they can have two moms or two dads, and sometimesRead MoreCultural Evaluation Of A Sin gle Parent Family1096 Words   |  5 PagesENGL-1510-016-2015AU Cultural Essay-Evaluation 15 October 11,2015 One Parent Isn’t Enough Growing up in a single-parent family had to be the hardest thing I ever had to do, but also the strongest thing I had to do because it made me the person I am today. My mom was a drug addict and my father wasn’t around, therefore my mom lost custody of me to my aunt when I was an infant. However, my aunt was a single-parent as well, and she already had two children of her own. She raised us all on her own, paid everyRead MoreSix Single Mother Myths Busted by Online Dating Essay799 Words   |  4 Pages6 Single Mother Myths Busted by Online Dating Dating as a single mother is fraught with lots of potential hazard and stigma. Before online dating has become a craze, single moms who are hoping to find another chance at happy ever after usually do not get too much luck. The stigma that comes along with being a single mother drives real men away and makes it ultra impossible for single moms to get another shot at happiness. Only until the dawn of online dating did these single moms stumble upon realRead MoreAnalysis Of The Mid 70 S987 Words   |  4 Pagesfemales: single moms. Sitcoms such as The Partridge Family, focused on the mother figure and displayed the roles she undertook as both a mother and a father. Comparing The Partridge Family to a modern sitcoms such as Ben Kate, these shows share a male characters that â€Å"fills in† the father figure gap and the struggle both mothers face as single parents. On the other hand, they differ in the child’s rebellion due to their void in a paternal figure. The show may centralise on a single mother, howeverRead MoreParenthood Can Bring Stress On The Job Of Raising Children974 Words   |  4 Pagesbut being a single mother is one of the most difficult things a woman can be. In today’s society, being a single mother is getting to become more common in the United States. Most of the time it is due to teenagers having unprotected sex at a young age or if you are an older single mother, it could be because of death, divorce, etc. It can be challenging being a single mother because you’re doing what was designed to be a two-person job. I know this from experience because my mom is a single motherRead Moreliving with your parents advantages1695 Words   |  7 PagesLiving with your parents: Advantages and disadvantages of staying with mom and dad Ads by Google Is He Cheating On You? Spokeo.com/Cheating-Spouse-Search 1) Enter His Email Address Still living with your parents? Thinking about moving in with your folks because you are unable to pay your own rent, lost your job, just divorced, studying again, cant afford a house of your own or any other reason? Your move is likely to be driven by a circumstance and a situation you have found yourself in. And as

Service Marketing Integrating Customer

Question: Discuss about theService Marketing for Integrating Customer. Answer: Introduction The organizations operating in various industries and markets have been creating and implementing strategies to increase the sales of their products or services in order to gain more profit in the market. This in turn allows the organizations to focus on the 7Ps of marketing in order to have effective marketing skills. This report focuses on the service marketing of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia (Bhardwaj, 2014). Service Provider Description Commonwealth Bank of Australia is one of the biggest Australian banks operating in the international market and has its headquarters in Sydney, Australia. The bank operates in Melbourne, Australia as well and provides a wide range of financial services to its customers. The services provided by the organization can be categorized into a number of sections based on the type of consumer. These categories of services provided by the organization are personal, business and corporate services. The personal financial services of the organization include transaction accounts, savings accounts, credit cards, insurance, personal loans, term deposits and international payments. The business financial services provided by the organization include business accounts, business credit cards, merchant services, business loans, superannuation, asset finance, business insurance, and investment planning and risk management. The corporate financial services and solutions provided by the organization inc lude working capital, capital raising and capital lending. Such diverse set of services provided to the customers of the organization allows the Commonwealth Bank of Australia to be one of the biggest service providers operating in the country. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia also provides a number of other services to support these core financial services, which in turn attract more number of customers. This service provider in the country aims at gaining and maintaining the position of the finest financial services organization in the country through efficient and effective customer service. As one of the leading providers of integrated financial services, the organization focuses a lot on customer commitment and customer satisfaction (Bitner, 2014). Target Market Analysis The Commonwealth Bank of Australia provides a wide range of financial services to the individuals, businesses and corporations in the corresponding markets. All of these services provided by the organization are targeted at various segments of the market, which are analyzed in this section of the report. Personal Financial Services This section analyzes the target market for the personal financial services provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. The segmentation criteria for the personal financial services provided by the organization are defined on the basis of the factors mentioned below. Age A number of personal financial services provided by the organization such as retirement plans, investment plans and wealth building plans are generally targeted at the customers in their late 20s and early 30s, which is considered the peak age to start such an investment plan. For some of the other financial services like fixed deposits, recurring deposits and savings accounts, the organization doesnt focus a lot on the age of the customers present in the market (Goi, 2015). Income The organization targets the customers with medium to high socioeconomic status for the marketing activities of the services like term deposits, credit cards, insurances and international payments. The organization targets the customers with high socioeconomic status for a number of other services like forex cards, premium credit cards and premium savings/investment accounts. The organization targets the marketing activities of the personal loans on the customers with low to medium socioeconomic status and income level (Huotari, 2012). Lifestyle The lifestyle of the customers present in the corresponding market of operation is a major factor in determining the target market segment. The organization targets the marketing activities of the credit cards, rewards cards and personal loans on the customers with frequent shopping activities both online and offline. The customers with high volume of shopping activities are considered to be very good prospects for the new services related to credit cards, rewards cards and personal loans. Family Background The organization also targets the customers for a number of services, who have any of their family members as a customer of the organization. So a number of services of the organization are targeted on the relatives of the existing customers through a number of business policies like referral (Lovelock, 2015). Business Financial Services The Commonwealth Bank of Australia is focusing a lot on the small and medium enterprises across the globe for a number of their business financial services like business loans, asset protection, business insurance and risk management. The organization also targets the large enterprises for a number of premium business financial services like investment planning, merchant services and superannuation (Schultz, 2013). Service performance analysis on four of the 7Ps The marketing activities and strategies of any organization can be defined as the 7Ps of marketing, which are product, place, price, promotion, people, process and physical environment. This section of the report analyzes the performance of the service marketing activities of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia in terms of these factors in the marketing strategies. Product The products in the marketing strategies of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia are the various financial services provided by the organization. The organization focuses a lot on the design of the financial services on the basis of the needs and requirements of the customers present in the local target market along with the market condition and trends in the local market. The financial services provided by the organization are custom tailored on the basis of the economic condition of Australia. The economic condition of the country affects the financial requirement of the customers present in the corresponding market, which in turn define the services provided by the organization. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia utilizes this to promote its services in Australia with the commitment that the services provided by the organization are the best o survive and tackle the economic condition of the country (Metcalfe, 2013). People The financial services provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia are designed and developed by focusing on the needs of the customers closely. So the financial services provided by the organization in the local target market are based on the needs of the customers in the financial conditions and economy of the country. The organization utilizes this factor very efficiently to design and promote the services to the customers present in the local target market. So the marketing strategies for the services provided by the organization in the local target market are based on the needs and requirements of the customers in the corresponding market (Gummesson, 2012). Price The price of the services of the organization is one of the most significant factors in the buying behavior and decision making process of the customers. So the price of the financial services provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia in Melbourne are focused on the economic condition of the country along with the standard of living of the customers in the corresponding market. The marketing activities for the services of the organization promotes the fair pricing of the services to attract more number of customers in various segments of the local market (Lusch, 2014). Place The places at which the services are available for purchase are another significant factor in the purchase decision making process of the customers. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia ensures that the marketing strategies for the services focus on the easy availability of the services at various common places along with the internet. The organization ensures that the branches are present at most of the popular and crowded areas of the country, which in turn provides easy access of the customers for purchasing the services. The organization also allows the customers to buy a number of services over the internet in order to provide more convenience to the customers (Wilson, 2012). Recommendations This section of the report mentions some of the recommendations for particular services provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. One of the recommendations for the bank is to improve one of 7Ps of marketing for its services. The bank can allow the customer i.e. People associated with the services to be more comfortable and convenient while updating the contact information for the services being consumed. The customers are currently required to visit a branch in order to update various information such as the contact information tied to the services they consume. This in turn negates the requirement or need of the customers to have convenient ways to update such information without visiting the branch of the bank. The organization can ensure the security of this action by providing the facilities in the online banking of the customers and adding an extra factor of authentication through the personal mobile number of the customers (Kotler, 2015). The services provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia can fail if the database of the organization is crashed due to a hardware malfunction. The services consumed by the customers of the organization are managed by the organization through the effective collection, storage and management of both the customer and service data in the database of the organization, which is vulnerable to the hardware failures. The organization can define a service recovery strategy to tackle with such scenarios, which allows the organization to maintain multiple copies of all the information in a distributed database across various locations (Bajada, 2015). The organization can ensure the maintenance of all the information in the centralized database and the duplicate copies of all the information in various locations across the globe. This in turn will allow the organization to resume the service even if the centralized database goes down, by collecting the required information from the distribute d database (Gummesson, 2012). Conclusion The services provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia are a lot diversified in terms of their type and target. The organization puts a lot of focus on the 7Ps of marketing for the services it provides and focuses on customer commitment and satisfaction as its core value. The organization focuses on the individuals, businesses and corporations in the target markets for selling its different services and can benefit from the recommendations mentioned in the previous section (Schlagwein, 2014). References Bajada, C., Trayler, R. (2015). Technology-driven service innovation in the banking industry. In The Handbook of Service Innovation (pp. 319-343). Springer London. Bhardwaj, N., Maharshi, N. (2014). Interplay of 7Ps of Marketing Mix in Customer Acquisition: An Empirical Study of Retail Banking. The International Journal of Business Management, 2(8), 96. Bitner, M. J., Wang, H. S. (2014). 11. Service encounters in service marketing research. Handbook of service marketing research, 221. Gummesson, E. (2012). Editoriale. The three service marketing paradigms: which one are you guided by?. Mercati e Competitivit. Gummesson, E., Grnroos, C. (2012). The emergence of the new service marketing: Nordic School perspectives. Journal of Service Management, 23(4), 479-497. Goi, C. L. (2015). Marketing Mix: A review of'P'. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2005. Huotari, K., Hamari, J. (2012, October). Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. In Proceeding of the 16th International Academic MindTrek Conference (pp. 17-22). ACM. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015). Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P. (2015). Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014). The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Metcalfe, B. (2013). The Market Potential of Australia s New Foreign Banks. European Journal of Marketing. Schlagwein, D., Thorogood, A., Willcocks, L. P. (2014). How Commonwealth Bank of Australia Gained Benefits Using a Standards-Based, Multi-Provider Cloud Model. MIS Quarterly Executive, 13(4), 209-222. Schultz, D., Patti, C. H., Kitchen, P. J. (2013). The evolution of integrated marketing communications: The customer-driven marketplace. Routledge. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J., Gremler, D. D. (2012). Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

101 Syllabus and Introduction Professor Ramos Blog

101 Syllabus and Introduction Introductions Welcome to English 101, Freshmen Composition We will be using the blog to post comments and final drafts of essays in order to help us learn from each other. One of the best ways to improve your writing is to study the writing of others. This blog will allow us to share and see others’ writings. I will also be posting updates and assignments to make sure we are all on the same page. The syllabus will be posted under Syllabus. The resources page with have links and videos to help you with citations, WordPress, and more. Textbook The textbook for this class is â€Å"They Say, I Say†Ã‚  with readings, 4th edition. Make sure to order the textbook that has the readings included! The cover should be bluish, not black. Also, we will be reading Sandra Cisneros’  Woman Hollering Creek and other Stories.  Available on Amazon for $10 new, and 1 cent used. You will need this one by week 5. Introductions Ice breaker. In groups of 2 or 3 answer these questions. Name Major Like to read or write? 1 2 Interesting facts We will introduce one another. You have six minutes to answer the questions.

Objectivity of Science

Objectivity of Science Introduction The history of objectivity of science can be traced back to the nineteenth century. The objectivity of science was based on the truth, facts and knowledge. It was practiced by scientific atlas founders so as to articulate the presentations of the meaning of nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Objectivity of Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The need by scientists to restrain themselves from using their individual bias in the description of nature was the fundamental driving force behind scientific objectivity. The guiding principle in scientific objectivity has always been and will always be ensuring that knowledge is safeguarded from biased individual representation. Science is founded on the objective analysis evaluation and presentation of scientific, empirical data based on the facts observed (Kuhn, 1973, para. 3). Scientific objectivity is the term given to the practice of science through which different facts are investigated and subsequently used to explain different untruths. The elimination of personal biases and emotional commitment are the core of scientific objectivity. Objectivity has been used as a standard of measure in science for quite some time. The objectivity of science is closely associated with the ability to test the facts. For science to be considered to be objective, measurement of facts must be disseminated from one person to another. The test of objectivity encompasses other various tests.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It has been observed that the classification of traditional objectivity overlooks numerous elements (Kuhn, 1973, para. 8). Therefore, objectivity of science follows certain values and facts. Scientific objectivity, values, or facts The test of objectivity has various subjective decisions which make the entire measureme nt involve reductionist process. On the other hand, the measurement of these methods will form part of the objective test related to the outcome of the facts. A fundamental element of science, which is emphasized by a lot of scientists, is that, emphasis is placed on the facts but not the values involved. This distinction has been openly revealed since science exists on the objective reality and while values do not. This perception enables scientists to perceive the field of science as a domain of permanent knowledge, which must be identified. The notion of science being free from value has been highly contested by sociologists and scientists. The criticism is based on the methods used to arrive at several scientific conclusions (Restivo, 2011, p. 21). There are various misconceptions whereby the value of free nation is claimed to have been overrated and overstated by scientists. The ideology of relativism between science and objectivity has been held to be misleading. There are tho se scientists who contend that the sciences have values meant to assist in arriving at reliable knowledge free from effects of bias. An element of bias would lead to unreliable knowledge.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Objectivity of Science specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The intersection of knowledge and values has been identified. The intersection of knowledge and values has provided robust facts. The diversity of values promotes accepted principles (Polifroni Welch, 1999, p. 18). It is still contested that the notion of science being pure and not relying on values is highly misleading. It is known that science promotes values such as reliability, accuracy and precision. On the other hand, scientists are said to value novelty and simplicity of concepts. It has widely been argued that the pursuit of science is a value based venture. There is a need to consider science and how it operates in the development of t he material world to acquire and develop knowledge. However, this may be unreasonable not to weigh the stakes involved. Scientific objectivity proves that values are not excluded from the quest for knowledge in science. In its core components, science is not only made up of freedom but also of responsibilities. The fundamental elements, which are noticeable, in scientific objectivity, have a refutable hypothesis. The hypothesis must be backed with relevant evidence. Finally, the results should be presented in a way that they are accessible and can be subjected to empirical testing by all individuals with a vested interest in science (Okasha, 2002, p. 43).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is the underlying core values that limit a scientific research from replicating someone else’s work while expecting different results. The standards placed on research have made it easy to identify whenever certain conditions have been breached. The use of refutable hypothesis brings the scientific objectivity to a point that the knowledge identified is placed in an objective, rigorous test. The strict requirements that the information offered should be tested can be used to promote scientific reputations. Some scientists will gain wide use of reputation due to their knowledge of documentation. The scientific field has automatic activities (Laudan, 1983, p. 16). The objectivity of science is not limitless since it has numerous limiting factors. Objectivity has numerous problems, which are associated, with metaphysics. This has been mainly linked to the objectivity of the mind. The objectivity of the mind exists with several ethics, and a consideration of these ethics is th e account of the objectivity. It follows that objectivity is a method of understanding whereby knowledge and beliefs are placed in a primary sense of understanding. The main truths that can be placed in the above definition qualify to be a formation of conception. The old view, which is to be regarded as subjective, yields an objective conception (Keller, 2009, p. 16). The objectivity test has been said to yield the expected results, which have been described by some scientists as false objectivity. The perception of the larger reality supposes that we are to be considered as being part of the larger reality in the objective standpoint. The implication of the statement above implies that there is a connection between reality and objectivity but the connection could be remarkably small. The question as to whether the mind and self-form part of the objective reality remains unanswered. The objective status in the mind creates a mental status which tends to be general. The objectivity of the mind dictates that there is a significant link between the brain objectivity and the day to day actions in ones life. The physical properties define the scope of the mind objectivity. The definition given to the physical world has been said to emanate from a standpoint of human beings perceptions (Okruhlk, n. d). The very evidence that every scientist begins to work on every day is based on the perceptions of individuals and their rational understanding of different events in the physical sphere. That clearly supports the assertion that objective conception is not without origin, but it has a starting point and reliable features. The properties of the perpetual aspects of objective science are better understood when the beginning is traceable. The mind has the rational consciousness, which gets the information, and basing on this information, a perpetual point of view is taken. As proven conception of objectivity has its own difficulties and limits as it was earlier mentioned . In the same way that the brain has a limit to the affairs going around it, the brain too has notable difficulties when seeking a clear understanding of reality (McMullin, n. d). The objectivity is limited by the fact that the interpretation of different perceptions, which cannot be severed from the occurrences due to the physical interactions. The mention of mental activity in the objectivity of science is to make sure that all perceptions and viewpoints are concurrent with the practice. Reality objectivity leads to conclusions that so perceptions have a dominating role in the physical world. Scientists have at numerous situations considered the objectivity to be a myth which they have continuously sought to affirm or dispute. The mode of arriving at substantial results too has been placed on the basis of the said consideration (Fleming, 2004, p. 17). The scientific objectivity has existed with numerous criticisms from scientists and sociologists. There are scientists who have arg ued that the scientific objectivity among many scientists has occurred in the form of an illusion. The objectivity advocated by scientists has been said to be hard to achieve. The objectivity applicability in the real world is held to be impossible, but such notions have continuously been disputed (Kuhn, 1973, para. 9). Conclusion It is evident that the objectivity of science follows certain values and facts. The scientific objectivity as put across by different scientists has many elements and many scientists have tried to justify the existence of the main features. In some instances, it has been asserted that objectivity does exist without values, but that assertion has been widely disputed. The existence of values such as novelty in the objectivity of science has been a pillar to the contention that there are no values in scientific objectivity. However, there are many problems that scientific objectivity ought to deal with accurately. References McMullin, E. (n. d). Rationality and Paradigm change in science. Retrieved from fitelson.org/290/mcmullin_acfsr.pdf Fleming, B. E. (2004). Science and the self: The scale of knowledge. Dallas [u.a.: Univ. Press of America. Longino, H. (n. d). Values and Objectivity. Retrieved from cumc.columbia.edu/dept/healthandsociety/events/ms/pdf/ps_Longino%20H%20Values%20and%20Objectivity.pdf Okruhlk, K. (n. d). Gender and biological sciences. Retrieved from http://spot.colorado.edu/~cleland/articles/gender_and_biological_sciences.pdf Keller, A. C. (2009). Science in environmental policy: The politics of objective advice. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Kuhn, T. (1973). Objectivity, Value judgment and Theory choice, Retrieved from http://commonsenseatheism.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Kuhn-Objectivity-Value-Judgment-and-Theory-Choice.pdf Laudan, L. (1983). Dissecting the Holist Picture of Scientific Change. Retrieved from: scribd.com/doc/96495571/Dissecting-the-Holist-Picture-of-Scientific-Change-Laudan Okasha, S. (2002). Philos ophy of science. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press. Polifroni, E.C., Welch, M. (1999). Perspectives on philosophy of science in nursing: An historical and contemporary anthology. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. Restivo, S. P. (2011). Red, black, and objective: Science, sociology, and anarchism. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.

Practical Considerations in Gene Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Practical Considerations in Gene Therapy - Essay Example The important practical considerations pertain to applications, problems, ethics, communications, and prospects. Using the perspective of Culver (1994a), Cotrim and Baum explained that gene therapy is a procedure that â€Å"typically involves the insertion of a functioning gene cells to correct dysfunction or to provide new cellular functions.† Culver (1994a) is a physician’s handbook on gene therapy. In 1994, Culver (1994b) had already outlined a procedure for the clinical applications of gene therapy for cancers. When a medical situation involves defective genes, an option to use gene therapy arises. Some of the diseases that result from defective genes include immunodeficiency syndromes, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and many types of cancers (Cotrim and Baum 2008, p. 97). Another perspective on gene therapy comes from the United Kingdom Parliament Office on Science and Technology. According to the Office (2005, p. 1), gene therapy â€Å"involves the introduction of genetic material into a cell to treat disease.† Finally, another alternative definition of gene therapy is â€Å"transferring recombinant genetic material (DNA or RNA) to the host cell in order to change the gene expression in the host cell in order to change the gene expression in the host cell to attain therapeutic effect.† Most likely, the definitions we choose to adopt or highlight can be associated with the specific therapy or ailments on which we want gene therapy to work.